psychological warfare and its related effects

Psychological warfare and its related effects
Psychological warfare has different definitions, including the Americans, they define psychological warfare as follows: a series of efforts that are carried out in normal war operations through the use of mass communication tools and the implementation of military and political strategic plans based on specific psychology. The result of psychological war, which is the war of nerves, is more than destructive military weapons, so it is difficult to use and requires special skills. This type of war is a war that does not take place with tools and weapons, but is done in a peaceful environment with the possession of propaganda weapons. This war is usually raised next to military operations.
The vein of psychological action and media propaganda that targets the target society and forces the rival to pass or fail without military conflict and open fire. Psychological warfare: It is the planned use of propaganda and other actions that are first of all aimed at influencing the ideas, feelings, barriers and behavior of enemy, neutral or friendly societies in a specific way to achieve national goals.
The flow of communication in which two human parties participate, and one or both parties try to influence the thoughts, emotions, and desires of their opponent (the enemy) and force the other party to perform a behavior according to their wishes, which is their ultimate goal.
Fuller, a British military historian and analyst, is the first to use the term psychological warfare in 1920; Although the actions hidden in the heart of this term have an ancient history. Discussing the implications of the advances in military technology in World War I, Fuller claims that traditional means of warfare may be giving way to true psychological warfare, in which weapons are not used and instead measures such as Destroying human wisdom, confusing human intelligence and confusing the spiritual and moral life of a nation is done by influencing their will. At the time, Fuller's use of the term psychological warfare did not attract much attention in British and American military and scientific circles. In January 1940, with the publication of an article entitled "Psychological Warfare and How to Wage It", the term entered American literature for the first time.
Long-term psychological warfare includes publishing news in a continuous manner and using different means with the aim of helping the government's foreign policy and raising its reputation and credibility and achieving friendship and approval. Perhaps the best definitions for psychological and military warfare is the one written by Paul Laeinberger, one of the leading authors in this field.
"Sometimes a news or a speech is brought up which, in terms of the source, the content of the message, is a connected and organized collection, and if part of it is not quoted, the direction and result of the message will be distorted. This is the common practice of the media, which usually narrate part of the news and not narrate it according to the position and political faction they are inclined towards. The news is complete when the news elements are presented in a general way.
If one of the six news elements (who, where, when, what, why, how) is not stated in the news, the news is incomplete. In the half-truth tactic, one of the elements is deliberately omitted, and most of the time, the why element is omitted.

Translator: F:EB